Melt: The Social Life of Ice at the Top of the World
Cryohuman Relations
Ok, once a glacier, no longer qualifies as such, due to rapid melting. mbl.is/RAX
This research, which I began in 2016, is about the loss of ice in Iceland. Ice is a substance that renders visible rising temperatures; it can be measured, its retreats photographed, its depths plumbed and its duration—or lifespan—calculated. And it is melting: nowhere faster, and faster than expected, in the Arctic. Ice’s physical changes and the geohydrological implications associated with it are now regular media features as news of catastrophic melt continues to mark our times. But what is the social meaning of lost ice in the frozen places where it has dominated landscapes, shaped lives and conditioned encounters with land, resources and livelihoods? In this project, I draw together expert reflections from scientists, quotidian experiences from Icelanders and elemental encounters with ice to create a portrait of what I call “cryohuman relations.”
My research on renewable energy transitions focused on what policy makers and experts call climate change “mitigation” —efforts to limit the sources of global warming, such as emissions.My Melt project looks to the other side, or “adaptation,” to the effects of climate change.
The Melt project led me to develop, with Dominic Boyer, the documentary film Not Ok: A Little Movie about a Small Glacier at the End of the World and to create the Okjökull memorial.
NASA handout image taken on August 1, 2019 showing the top of the Ok Volcano where the Okjokull glacier has melted away throughout the 20th century and was declared dead in 2014. NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey.
Lost ice is the key index of polar temperature increase with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change taking glacial diminishment to be one of the “highest confidence temperature indicators in the climate system” (Houghton et al. 2001; 35). New research released in December 2018 from the Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark overviews nearly fifty years of satellite data as well as local sea-level measurements, demonstrating that the Arctic region is the leading contributor to sea-level rise...